FACTS ON DIABETES forum: Complications of Diabetes in the United States
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| Heart Disease and Stroke •In 2004, heart disease was noted on 68 percent of diabetes-related death certificates among people ages 65 years or older. •In 2004, stroke was noted on 16 percent of diabetes-related death certificates among people ages 65 years or older. •Adults with diabetes have heart disease death rates about 2 to 4 times higher than adults without diabetes. •The risk for stroke is 2 to 4 times higher among people with diabetes. Hypertension •In 2005–2008, of adults ages 20 years or older with self-reported diabetes, 67 percent had blood pressure greater than or equal to 140/90 millimeters of mercury (mmHg) or used prescription medications for hypertension. Blindness and Eye Problems •Diabetes is the leading cause of new cases of blindness among adults ages 20–74 years. •In 2005–2008, 4.2 million—28.5 percent—people with diabetes ages 40 years or older had diabetic retinopathy, and of these, 655,000—4.4 percent of those with diabetes—had advanced diabetic retinopathy that could lead to severe vision loss. Kidney Disease •Diabetes is the leading cause of kidney failure, accounting for 44 percent of all new cases of kidney failure in 2008. •In 2008, 48,374 people with diabetes began treatment for end-stage kidney disease. •In 2008, a total of 202,290 people with end-stage kidney disease due to diabetes were living on chronic dialysis or with a kidney transplant. Nervous System Disease •About 60 to 70 percent of people with diabetes have mild to severe forms of nervous system damage. The results of such damage include impaired sensation or pain in the feet or hands, slowed digestion of food in the stomach, carpal tunnel syndrome, erectile dysfunction, or other nerve problems. •Almost 30 percent of people with diabetes ages 40 years or older have impaired sensation in the feet, for example, at least one area that lacks feeling. •Severe forms of diabetic nerve disease are a major contributing cause of lower-extremity amputations. Amputations •More than 60 percent of nontraumatic lower-limb amputations occur in people with diabetes. •In 2006, about 65,700 nontraumatic lower-limb amputations were performed in people with diabetes. Dental Disease •Periodontal, or gum, disease is more common in people with diabetes. Among young adults, those with diabetes have about twice the risk of those without diabetes. •Adults ages 45 years or older with poorly controlled diabetes—A1C above 9 percent—were 2.9 times more likely to have severe periodontitis than those without diabetes. The likelihood was even greater—4.6 times—among smokers with poorly controlled diabetes. •About one-third of people with diabetes have severe periodontal disease consisting of loss of attachment—5 millimeters or more—of the gums to the teeth. Complications of Pregnancy •Poorly controlled diabetes before conception and during the first trimester of pregnancy among women with type 1 diabetes can cause major birth defects in 5 to 10 percent of pregnancies and spontaneous abortions in 15 to 20 percent of pregnancies. On the other hand, for a woman with pre-existing diabetes, optimizing blood glucose levels before and during early pregnancy can reduce the risk of birth defects in their infants. •Poorly controlled diabetes during the second and third trimesters of pregnancy can result in excessively large babies, posing a risk to both mother and child. Other Complications •Uncontrolled diabetes often leads to biochemical imbalances that can cause acute life-threatening events, such as diabetic ketoacidosis and hyperosmolar—nonketotic—coma. •People with diabetes are more susceptible to many other illnesses. Once they acquire these illnesses, they often have worse prognoses. For example, they are more likely to die with pneumonia or influenza than people who do not have diabetes. •People with diabetes ages 60 years or older are 2 to 3 times more likely to report an inability to walk one-quarter of a mile, climb stairs, or do housework compared with people without diabetes in the same age group. •People with diabetes are twice as likely to have depression, which can complicate diabetes management, than people without diabetes. In addition, depression is associated with a 60 percent increased risk of developing type 2 diabetes. As indicated above, diabetes can affect many parts of the body and can lead to serious complications such as blindness, kidney damage, and lower-limb amputations. Working together, people with diabetes, their support network, and their health care providers can reduce the occurrence of these and other diabetes complications by controlling the levels of blood glucose, blood pressure, and blood lipids, and by receiving other preventive care practices in a timely manner. http://www.cdc.gov/diabetes/pubs/references11.htm. http://cubits.org http://cubits.org/gourds/ http://cubits.org/Diabetes/ http://cubits.org/DMEnterprises/store Tahlmorra lujhala mei wiccan (The fate of a man rests always within the hands of the gods) |
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